人工智能、智能交通长期占据中考、高考英语阅读理解高频话题。本期【AI 前沿科普】聚焦自动驾驶（Autonomous Vehicles）。

一、前沿科普｜自动驾驶分级与全球产业落地现状

自动驾驶官方分级采用SAE J3016 国际标准（Level 0~Level 5），也是英语阅读中频繁出现的考点，先理清概念，阅读遇到相关文本不再困惑。

SAE 自动驾驶六级标准（中英文名称）

·Level 0 No Driving Automation 无自动化：仅预警功能，全程人类操控

·Level 1 Driver Assistance 驾驶辅助：系统可持续辅助转向或加减速中的一项，驾驶员仍负责驾驶。

·Level 2 Partial Driving Automation 部分自动化：转向 + 加减速辅助，驾驶员必须持续监控路况

·Level 3 Conditional Driving Automation 条件自动化：在特定条件下由系统执行驾驶任务；系统发出接管请求时，驾驶员需要及时接管。

·Level 4 High Driving Automation 高度自动化：在限定运行条件下可由系统完成全部驾驶任务，无需人类接管。（如自动驾驶出租车、园区无人车等）

·Level 5 Full Driving Automation 完全自动化：不受特定运行设计域限制，由系统完成全部驾驶任务，无需驾驶员

当前商业化落地进展

现阶段大规模商用集中在L2 辅助驾驶；L3 车型逐步开放道路试点；L4 无人车主要应用于封闭园区、港口、城市划定片区，典型车型包括自动驾驶出租车（robotaxi）、自动驾驶货运卡车。 国内外多家企业持续测试优化，但行业仍面临多重难题：极端天气感知能力、网络安全、交通法规完善、硬件成本控制等。

阅读小贴士：阅读高频对比陷阱——L2 全程要求驾驶员监控路况；而 L4 在限定运行条件下，无需驾驶员持续干预。

二、必背｜自动驾驶& 智能交通核心英文词汇（阅读高频词）

基础通用词汇

autonomous vehicle (AV) 自动驾驶车辆 self-driving car 自动驾驶汽车 robotaxi n. 无人驾驶出租车 automation n. 自动化 commercialization n. 商业化 operational design domain (ODD) 运行设计域（限定运行场景） traffic regulation 交通法规

硬件与感知技术

sensor n. 传感器 LiDAR 激光雷达 millimeter-wave radar 毫米波雷达 onboard computer 车载计算机 camera n. 车载摄像头 multi-sensor fusion 多传感器融合

动作与功能短语

environment perception 环境感知 obstacle avoidance 障碍物避让 intervene v. 介入；干预 react to emergencies 应对紧急状况 recognize traffic signs 识别交通标识 reduce traffic accidents 减少交通事故

阅读高频形容词

automatic adj. 自动的 continuous adj. 持续的 extreme adj. 极端的 unpredictable adj. 不可预测的 regulatory adj. 法规的

三、配套科普英文阅读原文（初高中标准难度｜科技说明文）

Self-driving Technology: Progress and Challenges

Autonomous vehicles, widely known as self-driving cars, are moving from road testing toward large-scale commercial use. According to the SAE J3016 standard, self-driving technology is divided into six levels from L0 to L5, clarifying the roles of human drivers and automated systems.

At present, Level 2 driving assistance has become common in mass-produced vehicles. Drivers must keep their eyes on the road and be ready to take control at any time. Level 4 vehicles can complete all driving tasks within limited areas, such as city business districts or industrial parks. Many robotaxi projects around the world are testing Level 4 autonomous driving technology.

Sensors including LiDAR, millimeter-wave radar and cameras help vehicles sense their surroundings. With the help of powerful onboard computers, these vehicles can identify pedestrians, traffic lights and obstacles in real time. However, the technology still has limitations. Self-driving cars may fail to work well in heavy rain or thick fog. Meanwhile, governments around the worldare still improving relevant traffic laws to deal with accidents caused by autonomous vehicles.

Most experts believe self-driving technology will not completely replace human drivers in the near future. Instead, it will serve as a helpful tool, reducing accidentscaused by human error and making transportation more convenient in the future.

中文参考译文

自动驾驶车辆，通常被称为自动驾驶汽车，正从道路测试走向大规模商业化应用。依据SAE J3016 标准，自动驾驶技术分为 L0 至 L5 六个等级，明确了人类驾驶员与自动化系统各自承担的角色。

目前，L2 级驾驶辅助已经广泛搭载于量产车型，驾驶员必须时刻观察路况，并随时准备接管车辆。L4 级车辆能够在限定区域内独立完成全部驾驶任务，例如城市商圈、工业园区。全球多个自动驾驶出租车项目正在测试 L4 级自动驾驶技术。

激光雷达、毫米波雷达、摄像头等传感器帮助车辆感知周边环境；依靠高性能车载计算机，车辆能够实时识别行人、交通信号灯与障碍物。但这项技术仍存在一定局限：暴雨、浓雾环境下，自动驾驶汽车的运行可能受到影响。与此同时，各国政府仍在完善相关交通法规，用来处理自动驾驶车辆引发的交通事故。

多数专家认为，短期内自动驾驶技术不会彻底取代人类驾驶员。相反，它将成为一种有用的辅助工具，减少因人为失误造成的交通事故，让未来的出行更加便捷。

四、重点长难句拆解（攻克科技阅读难点）

句子1

According to the SAE J3016 standard, self-driving technology is divided into six levels from L0 to L5, clarifying the roles of human drivers and automated systems. 

结构分析

状语：According to the SAE J3016 standard 

主句：self-driving technology is divided into six levels from L0 to L5 

现在分词短语：clarifying the roles of human drivers and automated systems，作结果状语，说明自动驾驶技术分为六个等级所产生的结果。

译文：依据SAE J3016 标准，自动驾驶技术分为 L0 至 L5 六个等级，明确了人类驾驶员与自动化系统各自承担的角色。

句子2

Many robotaxi projects around the world are testing Level 4 autonomous driving technology. 

拓展句式变形（写作可用）Many tech companies are carrying out tests on Level 4 autonomous vehicles in closed areas.

句子3

However, the technology still has limitations. Self-driving cars may fail to work well in heavy rain or thick fog. 

考点提示：文章转折词however之后，往往是阅读理解中需要重点关注的信息，可能涉及细节题或推理题。

句子4

Most experts believe self-driving technology will not completely replace human drivers in the near future. Instead, it will serve as a helpful tool, reducing accidents caused by human error and making transportation more convenient in the future. 

结构分析

宾语从句：believe (that) self-driving technology will not completely replace human drivers in the near future 

现在分词短语：reducing accidents caused by human error 和 making transportation more convenient in the future，由 and 连接，作结果状语，说明自动驾驶技术作为辅助工具所产生的作用。

caused by human error：过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 accidents 

译文：多数专家认为，短期内自动驾驶技术不会彻底取代人类驾驶员。相反，它将成为一种有用的辅助工具，减少因人为失误造成的交通事故，并让未来的出行更加便捷。